This book was to ascertain the water quality and contamination levels of heavy metals in the River Benue Nigeria, with view to establish baseline conditions over a twelve-month period. Also, to evaluate the levels of heavy metals concentrations in the organs of two fish species: T. zilli and C. gariepinus. Part of this book has been accepted by IUPAC as standard methods of analysis of water samples by the commission of fundamental environmental chemistry (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-1959-0).