The productivity of agricultural sector in Asia, especially irrigated rice systems is increasingly threatened by scarcity of water. Therefore, it is essential to explore the ways to produce more rice with less water. Aerobic rice is a rice production system that consists of specifically developed varieties and well managed agronomic practices to produce rice with less water. Under water scarce conditions, water productivity has been given priority compared to yield and land productivity. Therefore, it is vital to find out the possible ways to enhance water productivity of aerobic rice productions systems to make aerobic rice production system economically viable and sustainable.