InhaltsangabeOverview: biophysical properties and structure of sodium channels.- The voltage sensor module in sodium channels.- Slow inactivation of Na+ channels.- Regulation/modulation of sensory neuron sodium channels.- Ubiquitylation of voltage-gated sodium channels.- Probing gating mechanisms of sodium channel using pore blockers.- Animal toxins influence voltage-gated sodium channel function.- Voltage-sensor trapping toxins: Iso form-specific ligands for sodium channels.- Pharmacological insights and quirks of bacterial sodium channels.- The role of non-pore-forming ß subunits in physiology and pathophysiology of voltage-gated sodium channels.- The role of late INa in development of cardiac arrhythmias.- Proton modulation of cardiac INa: A potential arrhythmogenic trigger.- Altered sodium channel gating as molecular basis for pain: Contribution of activation, inactivation and resurgent currents.