The socialist Republic of Vietnam has been characterised by a high level of economic dynamism in recent decades. This is also visible in the countrys vocational education and training system. With the vocational education and training reform in 2014, the previously unclear structure of vocational education and training was standardised and restructured. Nevertheless, the social recognition of VET remains low. Moreover, the informal sector still contributes signifi cantly to economic performance. The country faces the key challenge of unifying the informal sector with developments in the VET system and creating transparent structures in the fi eld of education and VET policy. The publication is part of the International Handbook of Vocational Education and Training. This standard work in comparative vocational education and training research is intended for an academic audience as well as vocational education and training practice.