'Constitutional Judges and their past Involvement in Legislative Processes. A study of Judicial Disqualification and Recusal in Germany and the United Kingdom': Sections 18 and 19 of the Federal Constitutional Court Act serve to ensure the impartiality of the judges of the German Federal Constitutional Court (GFCC). The thesis examines, whether the provisions meet this objective also in light of past legislative activities of its judges. For this purpose, the relevant case law of the GFCC is compared to the legal practice in the United Kingdom, whose legal system was characterized by a direct interconnection between the highest courts and parliament.