Realizing the right to health requires a strong focus on strengthening health care systems and transforming health systems for women. Taking a human rights approach to health means understanding the underlying social determinants of this right, as well as how to ensure the right to health is realized in times of emergency and armed conflict, and for all groups in society, including migrants and refugees, indigenous people, prisoners and detainees, and others. In this third volume of the Swiss Human Rights Book series, leading international experts in human rights and health address is-sues such as access to essential medicines and HIV/AIDS, trade and health, SARS and malaria, and human rights approaches to other key health chal-lenges. They address the role of governments, non-state actors and health-care practitioners, and the responses of multinational institutions, and overview some of the strategies for realizing the right to health.