Inhaltsangabe1. Principles of Photoacoustic and Photothermal Analysis.- 1.1 Photoinduced Processes and Detection.- 1.1.1 Variety of Processes.- 1.1.2 Detection Methods.- 1.1.3 Literature Review.- 1.2 Principles of Photoacoustics.- 1.2.1 Basic Considerations.- 1.2.2 Time and Frequency Domain Analysis.- 1.2.3 Resonant and Nonresonant Operation.- 1.2.4 Detection Devices.- 1.3 Recent Advances and Developments.- 1.3.1 Theory.- 1.3.2 Fundamental Constants and Thermophysical Properties.- 1.3.3 Kinetic Processes.- 1.3.4 Applications in Trace Analysis and Pollution Monitoring.- 1.4 Summary and Outlook.- References.- 2. Theoretical Foundation of Photoacoustics in the Frequency and Time Domains.- 2.1 The Equations of Linear Gas Dynamics.- 2.2 Theory of the Cylindrical Optoacoustic Resonator.- 2.3 The Pulse Source Thermal Lens Effect.- 2.4 Thermal Recovery.- 2.5 Short Time-Scale Measurements.- 2.6 Improved Models for the Pulsed Source Thermal Lens.- 2.7 Optics of the Thermal Lens.- 2.8 Conclusions.- References.- 3. Thermal Lensing.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.1.1 Survey of Approaches.- 3.1.2 Configurations.- 3.2 Experimental.- 3.2.1 Laser Sources.- 3.2.2 Probe Lasers.- 3.2.3 Laser Beam Tailoring.- 3.2.4 Laser Beam Alignment Techniques.- 3.2.5 Beam Splitting and Combining.- 3.2.6 Sample Cells.- 3.2.7 Signal Detection.- 3.2.8 Signal Retrieval.- 3.3 Theory.- 3.3.1 The Pulsed Source Experiment.- 3.3.2 The Modulated Source Experiment.- 3.3.3 The Transverse and Collinear Photothermal Lens.- 3.4 Applications.- 3.4.1 Determination of Energy Transfer Rate Constants.- 3.4.2 Transport Phenomena.- 3.4.3 Photochemistry.- 3.4.4 Surface Phenomena.- 3.4.5 Spectroscopies.- 3.4.6 Photoacoustic Diagnostics.- 3.4.7 Laser Physics.- 3.5 Summary.- References.- 4. Spherical Acoustic Resonators.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Basic Theory.- 4.3 Steady-State Response.- 4.4 Wave Modes.- 4.5 Thermal and Viscous Boundary Layers.- 4.6 Precoundensation Effects.- 4.7 Bulk Dissipation and Relaxation.- 4.8 Shell Motion.- 4.9 Imperfect Spherical Geometry.- 4.10 Ducts and Slits in the Shell Wall.- 4.11 Measurement of the Speed of Sound.- 4.12 Thermophysical Information from the Speed of Sound.- References.- 5. Laser Excitation of Acoustic Modes in Cylindrical and Spherical Resonators: Theory and Applications.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.1.1 History.- 5.1.2 Recent Developments.- 5.1.3 Scope of Review.- 5.2 Optical Excitation of Acoustic Modes.- 5.2.1 General Considerations.- 5.2.2 Acoustical Resonances in a Cylinder.- 5.2.3 Acoustical Resonances in a Sphere.- 5.2.4 Accuracy of the Resonance Method.- 5.3 Experimental Method.- 5.3.1 Apparatus.- 5.3.2 Temperature Measurement.- 5.3.3 Computer Control.- 5.4 Theory.- 5.4.1 General Remarks.- 5.4.2 Basic Equations.- 5.4.3 Kinetics in the Frequency Domain.- 5.4.4 Helmholtz Equations.- 5.4.5 Boundary Conditions.- 5.4.6 Solutions.- 5.5 Applications.- 5.5.1 Chemical Reaction.- 5.5.2 Energy Transfer.- 5.5.3 Thermophysical Properties and Fundamental Constants.- 5.5.4 Condensation Effects.- 5.5.5 Intracavity Experiments.- 5.6 Conclusions.- References.- 6. Application of the Photoacoustic Effect to Studies of Gas Phase Chemical Kinetics.- 6.1 Pulsed Excitation.- 6.1.1 Signal Description.- 6.1.2 Experimental Results.- 6.2 Continuous Excitation.- 6.2.1 Theory.- 6.2.2 Experimental Results.- 6.3 Nonlinear Effects.- 6.4 Chemical Amplification.- 6.5 Unimolecular Reactions.- 6.6 Direct Detection of Reactants and Products.- 6.7 Flames, Combustion, and Other Applications.- References.- 7. Atmospheric and Exhaust Air Monitoring by Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.1.1 Air Pollution.- 7.1.2 Methods for Monitoring Gaseous Pollutants.- 7.2 Basic Principles of Trace Gas Detection by Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy.- 7.2.1 Generation of Photoacoustic Signal.- 7.2.2 Main Characteristics.- 7.3 Experimental Arrangements for Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy.- 7.3.1 Tunable Lasers.- 7.3.2 Modulation Techniques.- 7.3.3 Cell Design.- 7.3.4 Detection Schemes.- 7.4 Previou