This book focuses on a research work done on petroleum as a source of fuel. It entails the occurrence and the reservoir traps, the art and science of petroleum prospecting, exploration techniques, production and its impacts to the economy of a country - which in this context, is Kenya. A wide comparison is made on the impacts of discoveries of petroleum in several countries in Africa, Middle East and the rest of the world. The research-related work is replete with information from library materials, internet downloads, journals, articles and other relevant reports. The recommendations have been made on ways in which the government of Kenya should employ in order to maximise the recent discoveries of petroleum (oil and gas) for the benefit of Kenyan citizens.