Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. belonging to family Asteraceae (Compositae) is medicinally important oil yielding plant utilize for the treatment of various disease and disorders of human. It was also, observed that the numbers of other species of the Guizotia were found in all over the world as well as in India which are used by the tribal, native and village farmers for traditional therapy system, but among them Guizotia abyssinica has vide therapeutic efficacy as mentioned in ancient literature. Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. is one of the species found in India in cultivation status as such the species is vulnerable and going to disappear very soon. Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. is also used traditionally to treat various diseases such as microbial infections, inflammations, contraceptions, healing of wounds etc. The present work deals with phyto-pharmacological and ethnopharmacological significance of the species Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.