The book is about the studies that have been focused on the synthesis and characterization of transition metal oxides as anode materials in lithium ion batteries. The synthesis methods were the hydrothermal method, the electrospinning method, and electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). By controlling the synthesis conditions, different morphologies can be obtained, which result in different electrochemical performances. All of these studies provide a fundamental basis for the development of high performance lithium ion batteries.