The book proposes a principal new scientific interpretation and the fundamental social rationale for Gandhi's non-violence. They are built on the discovery of a new social reality - spherons - societal classes of the population, employed in four spheres of social production (therefore they were called spherons) and covering the entire population from birth to death. This discovery is based on the discovery of the early Karl Marx of four spheres of social production, on the discovery of autopoiesis by Humberto Maturana and on the discovery of societal communities by Talcott Parsons, which are integrated and developed by the discovery of spherons based on them. Spherons received empirical evidence of population statistics of almost all countries, which is given in the book. Spherons, as the key cognitive category of integral Sociocybernetics of the third order, constitute the substance of that substantially new manner of thinking necessary for the survival of humanity, the urgent need for which for this purpose was emphasized by Albert Einstein more than 70 years ago. This substantially new thinking based on spherons is called tetranet thinking.