Japanese family businesses are among the oldest in the world and many of them prove a history record of 200 years and more. Research on several case studies of century old firms (shinise) in Japan reveal three factors as secrets of their longevity: (1) the Japanese family system (ie) favours the eldest son for succession; (2) the option for adopting a capable successor; (3) the inclusion of the relationships with employees, customers, and members of the local community into the strategic decision making. The analysis deals with the succession process in Japan compared to the WIFU Model of Succession in German family firms, and rounds off with perspectives on how to deal with the challenges the Japanese family businesses face regarding the recent changes in the Japanese society.