Religion is once again a prominent theme in academic debates. Hence this collection of essays takes up the vexed question of Kafkas relation to religion and addresses it in new ways. The essays fall into three groups. The first group deals with discussions of theology (primarily Christian theology) in the early twentieth century; the second opens up new terrain by exploring the context of specifically Jewish heterodoxy in the same period; while the final section inquires directly into religious elements in the themes, motifs, and structures of Kafkas literary work.