Is it possible to confront elementary school children with the Nazi era, the persecution of the Jews, and the Holocaust? Can children at a younger age learn and understand what happened back then by means of testimonies, or may early confrontation lead to a defensive attitude that denies access to this topic? To what extent can, should, may or even must pedagogical approaches be made to this chapter of the German past for primary school children? The author traces the state of research and develops her own teaching concept for a primary school class.