Nanotechnology has emerged as a flexible platform that could provide cost-effective, efficient and environmentally acceptable solutions to the global sustainability challenges facing society. This book is devoted to the utilization of nanotechnology to improve or achieve sustainable development in soil. We highlight recent advances and discuss opportunities of nanoparticles in crop development and growth of plant in deficient soil. We also discuss societal perspectives and provide an outlook of the role of nanoparticles in the convergence of knowledge, technology and society for achieving sustainable development.