Civil War is Africa's self-inflicted wound. More than one African in five lives in a country that is fighting a war, and nearly 25 countries have experienced civil war since the period of independence in Africa (1960). The continuing conflicts that ravage the African continent represent a heavy social and economic burden. Contrary to popular belief, Africa's civil wars are not due to its ethnic and religious diversity. This book brings lessons with special reference to Africa, showing that the significant incidence of war in Africa is not due to the ethno-linguistic fragmentation of its countries, but rather to failed political institutions and economic dependence on natural resources.