A floristic treatment for Gramineae tribe Cynodonteae, occuring within the region covered by the Flore dAfrique centrale (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi) is given. A total of 24 genera and 52 species are documented. One species is endemic to the region, 10 lectotypes are designated, one new combination ist made and six names are synoymeized for the first time. All genera and species come with a morphological description, synonyms, distributional data, information on habitat and conservation, vernacular names, as well as additional bibliography, taxonomic notes and the citation of representative herbarium specimens. Identification keys to the genera and species are provided and a total of 40 illustrations assist in the process of identification.