This is an initial attempt to understanding how changes in society associated with Chinas economic reforms have affected men and womens child care time from 2004 to 2011. It offers insight into how child care time changed in China in comparison to other countries. The research focuses on the overall pattern of parental time with children between men and women, investigate the gendered division of child care within the household in urban and rural sectors, and also examine the mechanisms generating change in child care time for men and women inside families. It sheds new light on the gendered division of labor within the family, deepen our knowledge about the linkage between time allocation and family returns to investment factors, and help to improve public policies regarding child care provision.