In contrast to the limited distribution of Phyllomedusa nordestina to the region known as caatinga, P. hypochondrialis is found spread over biogeographically different habitats, including the rich Amazon rainforest biome. We propose to summarize all main findings for the frog P. nordestina, endemic to the Brazilian Northeastern and included within the clade of P. hypochondrialis, making a comparison between the peptidoma and transcriptoma analysis, seeking to contribute to solidify the potential future use of this frog skin active peptides for biotechnological or therapeutic applications.