Revision with unchanged content. In this book, the author analyzes to what extent EU and US agricultural po­li­cies are driven by comparable overall concepts and whether there is evidence that the two major agricultural trading blocks are moving towards more si­mi­larities and a more sustainable form of agriculture. Based on the perception of desirable policy models, expressed by major think tanks and advisory groups, criteria for comparison are elaborated. After an a­na­lysis of corresponding regulations already in force, conclusions on i­den­ti­fi­able common trends and remaining 'question marks' are drawn. The analysis is structured by applying an evaluation grid based on four major policy areas con­cerning economic, social, ecologic and institutional objectives. In light of fu­ture challenges, proposals for reform are developed. The outcome is an assortment of recommendations addressing a choice of the most important problems in the field of agricultural policy. Although none of the proposals will lead to the perfect solution, they altogether stand for considerable melioration and a forward-looking approach. De­cision-makers, opinion leaders and scientists may find new and interesting insights presented in this publication.